Metal building construction



ec, H0, i935o s. R. LiNDsEY METAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed March 6, 1935 3 Sheets-Sheet l lll.: II. III :lill il nlll-:iln4 l. S

IN VEN TOR.

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@3 19g 5. Rp LINDSEY METAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed March 6, 1933 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENToR.

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Dec. l0, 1935. s. R, LINDSEY METAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed March 6, 1933 INVENToRf @fb/w 7E @f4/J ATTORN S.

Patented Dec. 10, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 5Claims.

'Ihis invention relates to a metal building construction, and particularly to a standardized form of metal lumber or building 'material for constructing the iioor, walls, ceiling and roof of a building, and further to means for securing the material when erected and assembled.

There'is a general trend at the present time to resort to Inetal construction when structures, such as homes and like buildings are to be constructed, this 'being largely due to the advantages of greater strength and durability, re proofing, sanitation, and better opportunity for insulation, etc. t

Many attempts have been made to standardize the lmaterial employed in metal building struc- I tures but, as a rule, such attempts have failed, as

one form of material is usually required for the frame of the building, another material for the A flooring,still another material for walls, ceiling, and so on, and in addition thereto, special ttings are usually required to secure the material in place when assembled and it might further be stated that the architectural iinish or appearance is more or less limited, as such 'materials do not readily lend themselves to change without resorting to special cutting, fitting, etc.

The object of the present invention is to generally improve and simplify the 'construction and operation of metalbuilding materials; to provide a standardized metal building material which may be employed throughout an entire building, that is, to form the frame, the floors, walls, ceiling and roof; to provide a. material of this character which lends itself to almost any nish or type of architecture without resorting to special tting, cutting, etc.; tolprovide a material of the chart' acter described which permits floor, walls, ceiling and roof material to be directly joined and rigidly connected without resorting to ttings of any character; to provide a material which insures a.

rigid well braced structure; to provide a material whereby double walls for the reception of plumbing, pipes, electric wiring, conduits, etc., is obtained; to provide a material which can be easily and quickly assembled and erected without resorting to skilled labor; and further, to provide material whereby the advantages of strength, durability, sanitation, re prooilng, insulation, etc., are secured.

The invention is' shown by way of illustration in the accompanying drawings, in which- Fig. 1 is a perspective view `of a portion of a building showing the manner in which the ma terial forming the floor, walls, ceiling and roof is assembled and secured.

Fig. 2V is a perspective View in section showing the cross sectional formation of the material employed. y

Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing one of the floor brackets whereby oor sections are joined.

Fig. 4 isa perspective view of the lower end of one of the roof sections.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view ofA the outer end of one of the ceiling sections.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing the as- 10 sembly of a wall section, a ceiling section, and a roof section. l

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the upper end of a wall section. l

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the lower end of l5 a wall section. Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the outer end of a floor section.

Fig. l0 is a perspective view showing a oor and a wall section assembled. *f 20 Fig. 11 is a perspective view showing the manner in which the wall sections may be positioned with relation to each other to obtain breaks or offsets of the wall structure.

Fig. l2 is a plan view of the peak of two roof 25 sections and showing the ashing plate placed above the same.

Fig. 13 is a side elevation of Fig. l2.

iFig. 14 is an edge and side elevational View of the brackets whereby the peak ends vof the roof 30 sections are joined and connected.

Fig. l5 is a perspective view showing the assem# bly'employed in a two story structure.

Fig. 16 is a perspective view of the lower end oi a second story wall section. 35

Fig. 17 is a perspective view of the outer end of a second story oor section.

Fig. 18 is aperspective view of the upper end of a first oor section used in connection with a two story structure.

Referring to the drawings iii-detail, and particularly Figs. 1 to l0, it might be -stated that the metal material employed in the construction oi a building, s'uch as shown in Fig. 1, is a standardized material of channel-shaped cross section 45 and uniform width. 'Ihe numeral 2 indicates the'face portion of the channel, the numeral 3 the side anges of the-channel, and the numeral.

4 inturned flanges lwhich will hereinafter be referred to as sub-flanges. The sub-flanges are important as they materially increase the rigidity and strength of the material. 'Ihey form flanges to which wire lath and the like may be attached, and they are also employed in forming the connectionsatween the different members 'v the heavier loads such as the interior partitions,

and the ceiling, hence the gauge of the material forming the floor may be increased or the side j flanges 3 may be increased in depth or both may be resorted to. The material employed in the ilooring serves two functions, ilrst that of forming the noor joists, and secondly that of forming the sub-ooring of the building. In this instance the faces of the channels form the sub-nooring while the side flanges 3 form the joists. The flooring may be placed on any suitable foundation. The iioor members are placed side by side and they are connected and secured with relation to each other by welding, riveting, or bolting` through the adjacent or contacting side flanges 3; knock-outs or perforations being provided at suitable intervals, as indicated, for this purpose. The material forming the floor section will be referred to by the reference character F.

The material forming the exterior side walls of the building is generally indicated at O. It has the same cross section as the material forming the floor but it may be formed of a lighter gauge material or the side ilanges 3'may vbe reduced in depth, as the supported load would require. The faces of the channels form the sheathing or outside wall and the'side anges 3 form the studding of the wall structure.

. The material forming the ceiling is indicated at C. This is identical to the fioor and wall material but as the load carried by that is comparatively little, it is possible to both reduce gauge of material and depth of the side anges 3. The material indicated at C, nevertheless, forms a sub-ceiling surface and it also forms the ceiling.

beams.

The material forming the roof is generally indicated by the reference character R.- It is of the same cross section as the material heretofore described, and it forms the sheathing for the roo and the roof rafters.

The method of connecting, assembling and securing the several members will now be described. The outer ends of the oor sections F' are best shown in Figs. 9 and 10. It will there be noted that the outer ends are slightly reduced in width to form shouldersv. Reduction in width may. be obtained by brake or press operation. The reduction in Width is very slight as it is only necessary tc make the reduction such that the end of `each floor beam may be inserted between the side anges 3 of the lower ends of the wall s'ections O. The lower ends of-the wall sections are shown in Figs. 8 and l0. In order to receive the outer ends of the iloor sections vit is only necessary to cut away the sub-flanges i Ato form shoulders 6. These shoulders will engage the upper surfaces of the rigor sections when they are inserted and the complete assembly of a oor section and an outside wall section is clearly shown in Fig. 10; the two sections being secured with relation to each other by bolting, riveting, welding, or the like, through the side anges at the points ,indicated at '1. Hence, ,it is possible to rigidly connect and directly join the outside wall tings, or like devices. l

aoaaeis y wall sections to form shoulders 9 to temporarily 10 receive and support the outer ends oi.' the ceiling members. The extreme upper ends of the outside wall sections` are reduced in Width to form shoulders Ill and the reduction in width is such that the eave ends of the ilanges 3 of the roof l5 members may pass over the same; the sub-anges 4 on the roof sections being cut away to form shoulders Il, see Fig. 4, to temporarily secure the roof members against outward. movement during assembly. The assembly of the three members, 20 vto-wit, a wall section, aroof section, and a ceiling section is shown in Fig. 6, and when they are assembled they are secured by bolts, rivets, Welding, or the like, at the points indicated at i2 and i3. 'St will again be noted that the upper ends 25 of the outside wall members and the outer ends ofthe ceiling members are joined without brackets or special ttings, and so are the lower ends of the roof members.

The upper ends of the roof members substan- 30 tially abut each other, as shown in Fig. 1, and they are here secured by inserting channel-shaped bracket plates lli, see Figs. 12, 13 and 14. These brackets are riveted, welded, or otherwise secured and a rigid ridge pole structure is thus ob- 35 tained. A gap will be left between the upper ends of the roof members and this is covered in the present instance by a longitudinally extending dashing plate or strip i5. The only connecting brackets so i'ar required are the brackets i4 40 employed in conjunction with the joining and connection of the ridge ends of the roof members. vThere is only one other type of bracket employed and that is shown in Fig. 3, and this is only employed where the :door and ceiling span 45 t any character.

`: l The ceiling and roof structure does not yrequire bracing. as this forms a natural truss and it will thus .be-seen that rigidity is secured not only G0 longitudinally but also in a lateral direction.

y When the several members have been assembled and erected as described, interior partitions may be installed, channel bars, such -as shown at 20 in Fig. l, may be employed for this purpose or 65 any other suitable material. If the interior nish of the building is to be plaster, wire laths or expanded metal will be secured to the sub-flanges 4 'of the several members and plaster or like material may then be applied.- A double wall struc- 70 ture is thus obtained which nrst of all forms dead air spaces insuring good insulation against temperature changes, and secondly the dead air spaces may be employed to receive plumbing pipes, electric wiring conduits, and so on. 75

The structure when completed has great strength and-rigidity. It is re proof. It is exceedingly well insulated against temperature changes, and it is economical in construction as With the use of unskilled labor, erection costs are reduced to a minimum.

The type of material employed lends itself to a great variety of architectural designs or changes, as the walls may be oisetor broken as shown in Fig. 11. Window and door openings are not shown in the present instance but it will be understood that where window and door openings are required, short wall members will be employed to form such openings and metal Window and door frames may be inserted in these openings, but, as a great variety of metal window and door frames are obtainable, illus- .tration and construction thereof is thought unnecessary. The specication heretofore submitted describes the use of a plaster finished interior. This may obviously be applied to the exterior and any roofing material may be employed, and if plaster may be employed it is obvious that wallboard and similar materials may also be employed, and while certain features of the present invention are more or less specifically described,

- I Wish it understood thatvarious changes may be resorted to Within the scope of the appended claims. Similarly, that the materials and finish of the several parts employed may be such as the manufacturer may decide, or varying conditions or uses may demand.

Fig. 1 shows the type of construction employed in one story buildings. The material, however, lends itself to two story construction as shown in Fig. 15. In this instance, the oor sections employed are identical to the iioor sections in a one story building. The ceiling sections and the roof sections are also identical but the eave ends of the roof sections may overhang, as shown in Fig. 15, if desired. The wall sections are also 'substantially identical, the only difference being that shown in Figs. 16, 17 and 18, as the wall section forming the second story must telescope with relation to the upper end of the wall section forming the first story.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is- 1. In a Astructure of the character described a floor, a Wall, a ceiling and a roof member, all of said members being channel-shaped in cross sec- .tion and all being of the same width and aligning in a. vertical plane, the outer ends of the iioor and ceiling members being reduced in width, to be received and secured between the side iianges of the channel-shaped wall member, and a reduced portion on the upper end of the wall member to be received and secured between-the side anges at the cave end of the channelshaped roof member.

2. In a structure of the character described a wall, a ceiling and a roof member, said members being channel-shaped in cross section and 5 al1 being of the same width and aligning in a vertical plane, a reduced portion on the outer end of the ceiling member to be receivedA and secured between the side anges of the channelshaped wall member and a reduced portion on the upper end of the wall member to be received and secured between the side anges at the eave end of the channel-shaped roof member.

3. In a structure of the character described, a pair of vertically disposed wall members, a horizontally disposed ceiling member, a pair of roof members disposed on acute angles with relation to the ceiling member, all of said members being channel-shaped in cross section and being of the same width and disposed in a common vertical plane, a reduced portion on each end of the ceiling member to be received and secured between the side flanges of the channel-shaped wall members, a reduced portion on the upper end of each wall member to be received and secured between the side anges at the eave ends of the roof members, and a bracket member connecting the inner ends of the rooi:` members, said roof members and ceiling member forming a truss.

4. In a structure of the character described, a plurality of metal door, wall, ceiling and roof members, disposed parallel and side by side, each of said members being a unit formed single piece of metal capable of carrying loads and all being of channel shape in cross section and being of the same width, the outer ends of the oor and ceiling members and the upper ends of the wall members being formed with a reduced portion, means for securing the reduced portion of the outer ends ofthe floor and ceiling members to the wall members, means for securing the reduced portions of the upper ends of the wall members to the roof members, and means for securing the side flanges of all the members with relation to each other.

5. In a structure of the character described, a plurality of floor, wall and ceiling members, disposed parallel and side by side, each of said members being a unit formed single piece of metal capable of carrying loads, and all being channel-shaped in cross section and being of the same width, the outer ends of the floor and ceiling members being formed with a reduced portion, means -for securing said reduced portions to the wall members, and means for securing the side 'flanges of all the members with relation to each other.

` SAMUEL R. LINDSEY. 

